Web Fundamentals

Learn about the internet and how the web works.

History

Before the web, computers had various protocols for networking and sharing data.

The web is a set of standards that allow serving content to web browsers.

This revolutionized the digital era, allowing many people to access online services.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet

HTTP Protocol

Computer networks are connected through wires and signals.

Protocols allow systems to interoperate.

The Internet Protocol Suite defines how servers and browsers connect.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_protocol_suite

HTTP is an application protocol within Internet Protocol Suite.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP

Browsers

The browser loads and displays web content.

Rendering the page is handled by the browser engine.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Browser_engine

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_browser_engines

When a url is entered, the IP is resolved using DNS.

The browser sends a HTTP request, and the server responds with a response code an HTML page.

Web Languages

HTML

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is a core concept of the web.

Text is "marked up" with tags that define how they are displayed.

<p>This is a paragraph</p>

HTML is an extension of XML, which is a structured document syntax defined with tags and attributes.

CSS

CSS allows styling and layout.

<p class="color-red">This paragraph is red</p>

<style>.color-red { color: red; }</style>

Javascript

JS makes the page interactive.

Without JS, the page is statically loaded, meaning a refresh is needed when a link or button is clicked.

With JS, you can create dynamic applications that are as capable as desktop or mobile applications.

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